The Fires of Vesuvius: Pompeii Lost and Found by Mary Beard 3,055 ratings, 4.09 average rating, 351 reviews The Fires of Vesuvius Quotes Showing 1-1 of 1 'In fact, a marriage was normally contracted, as the Romans put it, ‘by practice': that is, in our terms, ‘by cohabitation'. Pompeii is the most famous archaeological site in the world, visited by more than two million people each year. Yet it is also one of the most puzzling, with an intriguing and sometimes violent history.Destroyed by Vesuvius in 79 CE, the ruins of Pompeii offer the best evidence we have o. DOWNLOAD or READ The Fires of Vesuvius: Pompeii Lost and Found (2008) in PDF, EPUB formats. Air guard game full version. Review 1: This book is intense! Lots of information, at times it was information overload. Fires of Vesuvius Pompeii Lost & Found by Mary Beard available in Trade Paperback on Powells.com, also read synopsis and reviews. Destroyed by Vesuvius in 79 CE, the ruins of Pompeii offer the best evidence we have of life in the Roman Empire. But the eruptions are only part of the story. In The Fires of Vesuvius, acclaimed historian Mary Beard makes sense of the remains.
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Pompeii is the most famous archaeological site in the world, visited by more than two million people each year. Yet it is also one of the most puzzling, with an intriguing and sometimes violent history, from the sixth century BCE to the present day.
Destroyed by Vesuvius in 79 CE, the ruins of Pompeii offer the best evidence we have of life in the Roman Empire. But the eruptions are only part of the story. In The Fires of Vesuvius, acclaimed historian Mary Beard makes sense of the remains. She explores what kind of town it was―more like Calcutta or the Costa del Sol?―and what it can tell us about 'ordinary' life there. From sex to politics, food to religion, slavery to literacy, Beard offers us the big picture even as she takes us close enough to the past to smell the bad breath and see the intestinal tapeworms of the inhabitants of the lost city. She resurrects the Temple of Isis as a testament to ancient multiculturalism. At the Suburban Baths we go from communal bathing to hygiene to erotica.
Recently, Pompeii has been a focus of pleasure and loss: from Pink Floyd's memorable rock concert to Primo Levi's elegy on the victims. But Pompeii still does not give up its secrets quite as easily as it may seem. This book shows us how much more and less there is to Pompeii than a city frozen in time as it went about its business on 24 August 79.
- Sales Rank: #53442 in Books
- Brand: Mary Beard
- Published on: 2010-04-30
- Released on: 2010-03-08
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.25' h x 6.25' w x 1.50' l, 14000.00 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 384 pages
- The Fires of Vesuvius Pompeii Lost and Found
Amazon.com Review
Pompeii is the most famous archaeological site in the world, visited by more than two million people each year.
Yet it is also one of the most puzzling, with an intriguing and sometimes violent history, from the sixth century BCE to the present day. Destroyed by Vesuvius in 79 CE, the ruins of Pompeii offer the best evidence we have of life in the Roman Empire. But the eruptions are only part of the story. In The Fires of Vesuvius, acclaimed historian Mary Beard makes sense of the remains. She explores what kind of town it was--more like Calcutta or the Costa del Sol?--and what it can tell us about 'ordinary' life there. From sex to politics, food to religion, slavery to literacy, Beard offers us the big picture even as she takes us close enough to the past to smell the bad breath and see the intestinal tapeworms of the inhabitants of the lost city. She resurrects the Temple of Isis as a testament to ancient multiculturalism. At the Suburban Baths we go from communal bathing to hygiene to erotica.
Recently, Pompeii has been a focus of pleasure and loss: from Pink Floyd's memorable rock concert to Primo Levi's elegy on the victims. But
Pompeii still does not give up its secrets quite as easily as it may seem. This book shows us how much more and less there is to Pompeii than a city frozen in time as it went about its business on 24 August 79.
Amazon.com Exclusive: Author Mary Beard on the Ten Reasons Why the Romans Were Great Lovers--and Ten Books to Tell You How
1. Staying power
Roman lovers could keep going all night (at least if we take their word for it). Ovid – the first-century-BC's man about town – claims that he could perform nine times in a single night. Read all about it in his ‘Love Poems' (Book 3, number 7). Read: Ovid, The Erotic Poems, translated by Peter Green.
2. Sweet talk
Roman men could make you feel so good. Mark Antony and Julius Caesar both talked their way into the heart of feisty Cleopatra. The chat-up lines of Rome's founding father Aeneas drove Queen Dido senseless. Read: Virgil, The Aeneid, translated by Robert Fagles. (Go straight to Book 4)
There was no flab or beer belly on these six-pack hunks. All that gym and exercise kept Greeks and Romans bronzed and trim. Read: Nigel Spivey, The Ancient Olympics.
4. Inventiveness
Sexual positions became (literally) an art-form for the Romans--two-somes, three-somes and more. You'd better stay supple though, or those more testing acrobatics will be beyond you. Read: John Clarke, Looking at Lovemaking: Constructions of Sexuality in Roman Art.
5. Romantic agony
Roman men could do anguish better than any others. 'I hate and I love . . . and it hurts' as the poet Catullus succinctly wrote to his fickle mistress. Don't expect to escape a Roman affair without tears. Read: Catullus, The Poems, translated by Peter Green.
6. Great pick-up lines
Romans knew they had to work hard at the first impressions. Ovid, in a lover's manual, gives the beginner plenty of advice on how to break the ice. Stand right next to her at a procession, and when some elaborate display goes past explain to her what it is. It doesn't matter, says Ovid, if you don't really know – make it sound plausible, to impress. Read: Ovid, The Art of Love and Other Poems, translated by J. H. Mozley.
7. Open minds
Not many Romans were prudes. Most men were happy to contemplate sex with women, men, or if it came to it, animals – just so long as they were the active, not the passive partner. Read: Apuleius, The Golden Ass, translated by E. J. Kenney.
8. Rough-trade
Roman women went for the rough, tough sporting heroes of the ancient world. Successful gladiators became the heart-throbs of the Roman girls. Read: Catharine Edwards, The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome.
Pompeii
9. In touch with their inner-selvesThe anxiety of Roman men was one of their more endearing features. Images of the phallus were everywhere in Roman towns – but so too were images of castration and mutilation. The ancient man never took his prowess for granted. Carlin A. Barton, The Sorrows of the Ancient Romans.
10. Not afraid to say 'I love you'
There was no flab or beer belly on these six-pack hunks. All that gym and exercise kept Greeks and Romans bronzed and trim. Read: Nigel Spivey, The Ancient Olympics.
4. Inventiveness
Sexual positions became (literally) an art-form for the Romans--two-somes, three-somes and more. You'd better stay supple though, or those more testing acrobatics will be beyond you. Read: John Clarke, Looking at Lovemaking: Constructions of Sexuality in Roman Art.
5. Romantic agony
Roman men could do anguish better than any others. 'I hate and I love . . . and it hurts' as the poet Catullus succinctly wrote to his fickle mistress. Don't expect to escape a Roman affair without tears. Read: Catullus, The Poems, translated by Peter Green.
6. Great pick-up lines
Romans knew they had to work hard at the first impressions. Ovid, in a lover's manual, gives the beginner plenty of advice on how to break the ice. Stand right next to her at a procession, and when some elaborate display goes past explain to her what it is. It doesn't matter, says Ovid, if you don't really know – make it sound plausible, to impress. Read: Ovid, The Art of Love and Other Poems, translated by J. H. Mozley.
7. Open minds
Not many Romans were prudes. Most men were happy to contemplate sex with women, men, or if it came to it, animals – just so long as they were the active, not the passive partner. Read: Apuleius, The Golden Ass, translated by E. J. Kenney.
8. Rough-trade
Roman women went for the rough, tough sporting heroes of the ancient world. Successful gladiators became the heart-throbs of the Roman girls. Read: Catharine Edwards, The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome.
Pompeii
9. In touch with their inner-selvesThe anxiety of Roman men was one of their more endearing features. Images of the phallus were everywhere in Roman towns – but so too were images of castration and mutilation. The ancient man never took his prowess for granted. Carlin A. Barton, The Sorrows of the Ancient Romans.
10. Not afraid to say 'I love you'
The walls of the buried city of Pompeii are covered with written messages from satisfied (and a few unsatisfied) men. ‘Oh Chloe, I had a wonderful time, twice over in this very spot, I love you. . . .'
Read: Antonio Varone, Eroticism in Pompeii. And, in case you are looking for the woman's point of view, try Marilyn B. Skinner, Sexuality in Greek and Roman Culture.
From Publishers Weekly
Starred Review. In a grand synthesis, one of our most distinguished classicists relates all that we know—and don't know—about ancient Pompeii, devastated by a flood of lava and volcanic ash from Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79. Beard splendidly recreates the life and times of Pompeii in a work that is part archeology and part history. She examines the full scope of life, from houses, occupations, government, food and wine to sex, and the baths, recreation and religion. In this bustling seaside town, makers of garum, a concoction of rotten seafood and salt, did a modest business, but Umbricius Scaurus marketed his product as premium garum and became one of Pompeii's nouveaux riches. Focusing on the restored houses, Beard refutes the common notion that most Romans ate their meals while reclining on a triclinium. Rather, they ate wherever they could within the home. Finally, Beard reminds us that everybody except the very poorest went to the baths, which served as a great social leveler. Beard's tour de force takes the study of ancient history to a new level. 23 color and 113 b&w illus. (Dec.)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
From The New Yorker
The eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 A.D. preserved a uniquely rich sample of Roman life. Buried among the ruins of Pompeii are frescoes, graffiti ('Atimetus got me pregnant'), campaign ads, and housewares; the victims themselves left hollows in the lava that, when cast in plaster, yield details as fine as the imprint of one man's eyebrows. In this lively survey, Beard, a classicist at Cambridge, tempers erudition with a skepticism toward interpretive overreach. 'To be honest, this is all completely baffling,' she remarks about a painting dense with iconography. Archeological reasoning is often ingeniously indirect 'ragged drips suggest a bucket knocked from a platform by painters fleeing the volcano' and Beard's caution makes her an excellent guide for nonspecialists, as she explains both what we know and how we know it with equal clarity.
Copyright ©2008 Click here to subscribe to The New Yorker
Most helpful customer reviews
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
A review of Beard's book and a visit to Pompeii
By Ian R. Bruce
I bought this book about a month before a planned trip to southern Italy and a visit to Pompeii, so this is a review both of the book itself and the subsequence experience of visiting the actual site.
The book is excellent. This isn't an dry academic treatise, but a beautifully written and very engaging account of life in Roman times, as preserved in the provincial town of Pompeii. The introduction along makes it worth buying the book - it vividly describes what actually happened in 79 AD when Vesuvius blew, and how the town was subsequently looted, rediscovered, and bombed by the Allies in WWII. She debunks many myths and explains all the dicks and erotica that so amused my daughters when they visited. Beard can be very funny.
I visited Pompeii in summer, 2015, and Beard was a good guide. In the book she's careful not to be too critical of the state of preservation of Pompeii, but it's not hard to read between the lines, and the evidence when you visit is shocking. The town is falling apart - many of the frescoes have faded completely, the wear-and-tear of millions of tourists is obvious, and many buildings are visibly collapsing. Pompeii is still incredibly impressive, especially the side streets with their wheel rutted roads and elegant buildings, but the dilapidation is glaring. I'd plan to arrive as early as possible to avoid crowds, and to move away from the main entrance area to better appreciate the size and scale of the town. We had a guide who'd been accompanying visitors for over 35 years (a guide is recommended, the town is confusing at ground-level).
18 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
Engrossing Survey of Pompeiian Daily Life
By BarryRB
This terrific and absorbing book discusses all aspects of life in Pompeii before the eruption in 79 CE. Beard synthesizes what we know of family life, making a living, entertainment, worship, ceremony, religion, civic life, etc.
As an interested amateur, I have no basis for judging her conclusions, but I find them convincing if only because she is so cautious: she is skeptical about a lot of the claims made by other scholars based on what she says is scant or non-existent evidence. When she speculates, she makes explicit that is what she is doing, and when we don't know and can only guess, she says so clearly. Another reviewer was disappointed that she rejects some of the tales told by guides, but to me her insistence on relying only on the evidence or lack thereof is one of the great virtues of the book.
The book is clearly written and entirely accessible to a non-scholar. Beard sometimes resorts to English demotic to great and occasionally shocking effect, both for translations and for her own observations. It is well-illustrated with both color plates and black-and-white illustrations placed in close proximity to the accompanying text and with helpful captions. (I wished on occasion that the illustrations were larger so that I could see better the detail she describes, and that cross-references to illustrations were by page number rather than illustration number.)
In short, this book is among the very best popular histories (I don't intend that adjective to be denigrating, rather an acknowledgment of the book's broad appeal beyond academia) I've ever read.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Like visiting Pompeii with an excellent guide.
By Silvia
I'm almost through reading this book and feel like I have visited Pompeii. Mary Beard, with out becoming dry or boring, includes incredible details about what has been found in the remains of this ancient city and what it tells us about the people who lived there. I have always been fascinated by Pompeii and Roman archeology, and hoped to visit Pompeii some day. That may not happen, but this book has made me feel like I've been through the ruins with an excellent guide. A good additional Pompeii resource is Dr. Stephen Tuck's Teaching Company DVD lecture series on Pompeii. He includes many photographs and videos.
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The Fires of Vesuvius: Pompeii Lost and Found, by Mary Beard PDF[Chapter titles are listed at the end of the review.]
The Fires Of Vesuvius Pompeii Lost And Found Pdf Download
Mary Beard's wonderfully engaging book about Pompeii is the answer to what to read before one's first visit to the site or what to assign one's students to interest them in the breadth of fields that pertain to the study of antiquity. The 'Introduction' is a fine survey of what we know today about ancient Pompeii, and it is guaranteed to draw the attention of general readers — the imprint of a breast, burnt loaves of bread in ovens, paint-pots and buckets of plaster left behind on a scaffold, and a tethered guard dog that failed to escape. Skeletons reveal infectious diseases, spinal disorders, and tartar on everyone's teeth, a record of ubiquitous bad breath in ancient Pompeii. Beard explains terms and the names of gates, streets, and houses, as well as why numbers were eventually assigned to houses. Beechcraft bonanza f33a poh pdf file. She gives dates of excavation, linking these to Pompeii's entry into the world of tourism and popular culture, reminding the reader that the city has not always been what it is now.1
Beard presents questions, and notes conflicting viewpoints about the answers. For example:did Pompeii decline as a result of a social revolution that occurred after the earthquake of 62? Why would the town have been under repair for nearly 20 years? Did earthquakes continue during that time? Didn't the coastline shift, as it did at Herculaneum? She also points out how much we know about Pompeii from archaeological and epigraphical evidence, and how much of that evidence has been lost through 18th-century digging, tourism, the Allied bombing in 1943, and general neglect.
In the first chapter, 'Living in an Old City,' Beard focuses on the history of Pompeii, particularly in the phases preceding that of the AD 79 destruction. Campania had strong Etruscan and Greek undertones from the 6th century BC onwards, and the region wasmulti-lingual , to judge from evidence like a Latin message written in Greek letters (p. 11). Pompeii and its neighbors were allies of Rome by the early 3rd century BC. After Mummius defeated Corinth in 146 BC, he gave Pompeii some kind of trophy, on whose base was an inscription in Oscan, the native pre-Roman language of the region.2 The oldest part of the walled city is in the southwest, and eventually some grand houses were built along the western wall, commanding fine views of the sea. An interior house-wall incorporates an Etruscan column from a 6th-century-BC sanctuary; elsewhere, 2nd-century Etruscan terracotta reliefs from a sanctuary were reused as decoration in a garden wall. The 9,700-square-foot House of the Faun, at least 200 years old in AD 79, had a mosaic floor showing a scene from Greek history: Alexander the Great defeating Darius. Beard does not mention that at the bottom of the tumultuous scene of fleeing and dying Persians were 3 charming Nilotic scenes, rarely remarked upon because all the figured mosaics from this house were removed from the floors and installed on walls in the Naples Archaeological Museum.3 And in the architecture and decoration of its Forum and public buildings, Pompeii is clearly tied to Rome.
In 'Street Life' (ch. 2) Beard observes that beneath the romance of rediscovered Pompeii lies a dirty city that produced some 6,500,000 kilos (14,300,000 pounds) of human feces and urine each year. One graffito warned passersby to 'keep it in till you've passed this spot' (p. 56). Beard describes the streets, the shop signs (20 food and drink outlets within 600 meters [650 yards]) of each other, ads, noises (all night long), smells, public fountains (there were 40 of them, and few lived more than 80 meters [260 feet] from a fountain). She even notes a study of one-way streets in Pompeii. Beard brings alive the people, the markets, the colors, and the 'children at their lessons, beggars plying for cash, traders and hucksters of all kinds, or local officials at their business' (p. 77). 'All those statues' get only half a dozen lines of text (p. 77-8, 186), but these too deserve treatment equal to that given in these pages to so many other aspects of ancient Pompeii.
Bulwer-Lytton's Last Days of Pompeii (1834), a reconstruction of the House of the Tragic Poet, and recollections of the Satyrica by Petronius vividly introduce 'House and Home' (ch. 3), bringing to life the entrance, the atrium, the food, and the houses themselves. Beard summarizes the evidence for the types of houses, which, like today's houses, have 'a certain predictability to their layout' (p. 88). She includes rentals, dining, sleeping, and furniture, as well as images in a lararium, lamps, gardens, water, toilets, bone and bronze fittings for chests, and items that were in a chest at the time of the eruption. But courtyard and garden décor, for which there is so much evidence at Pompeii, is in need of greater emphasis.
In 'Painting and Decorating' (ch. 4), Beard examines an unfinished room in the so-called House of the Painters at Work, then the black, white, blue, yellow, red, green, and orange paints found in the room, and the wide range of styles, subjects, programs, and decorative designs and patterns that have been found on the walls and columns of Pompeian houses. Criticizing the imposition of chronological development in the so-called Four Styles, Beard warns of the similarities among styles, the few survivals of the First and Second Styles, and touches upon the link between a room's use and its wall decoration. Some wall paintings enhance our understanding of ancient mythology; others give the illusion of a view; and still others are repeated enough times (some in both painting and mosaic) that they must evoke 'well-known and ‘quotable' masterpieces' (p. 144). Beard intersperses her narrative with remarks about modern impact and our incomplete perception of paintings cut out of walls and framed in the 18th century. She reminds us that the excellent appearance of the paintings in the Villa of the Mysteries are the result of 'aggressive restoration' (p. 133) in 1909.
Beard humorously introduces 'Earning a Living: Baker, Banker and Garum Maker' (ch. 5) by explaining how the home of a garum producer is identified by self-promoting mosaics in the atrium of his house. Beard covers grapes, olives, cereal crops, production, storage, slaves, farming, sheep, a cattle market, regulation of weights and measures, and light industry, but not much about the local ports or about foreign trade. There was, after all, a thriving trade in marble from Greece, and the skills of Greek artisans around the Bay of Naples were in great demand. To make her points, Beard enlists a wide range of archaeological material, such as finds from the Villa Regina near Boscoreale,4 and the tools and illustrations of dozens of crafts and trades found in the excavation of Pompeii. Her evidence ranges from painted shop signs, advertisements, and graffiti to carved memorials for a architect, a baker, and a pig-keeper. In the kitchen of a bakery (known as the House of the Chaste Lovers), a bird and a boar were cooking at the time of the eruption, a large decorated dining room probably served as a restaurant, and a stable beside the kitchen housed the delivery crew of five horses and donkeys that were fed oats and broadbeans.
'Who Ran the City?' (ch. 6) Here Beard tells a fascinating tale of election posters, precincts, and town council-members. There were probably about 2500 male voters — no slaves, women, or children. The local government owned and rented out properties. Elected officials decreed the erection of public statues, folowing the rules that'old money always counted' (p. 204), and 'public office of any sort entailed public generosity' (p. 212). It is particularly interesting that the so-called Building of Eumachia, which borrows many decorative details from important buildings in Rome, was sponsored by a local priestess.
'The Pleasures of the Body: Food, Wine, Sex and Baths' (ch. 7) begins with a description of a cage for a dormouse, but Beard gives no citations for this subject, which fascinated a number of visitors to the Royal Museum at Portici, including J. J. Winckelmann.5 Trimalchio's feast appears again, along with the silver service from the House of the Menander, and the mechanics of an actual meal. Pompeian grocery lists included bread, oil, wine, sausage, lard, cheese, beets, cabbage, mustard, mint, salt, onions, leeks, whitebait, pork, and maybe beef. Apparently there were 200 bars and restaurants in Pompeii, some of which were perhaps grocery stores. Graffiti provide good evidence for bars and brothels, but even so we cannot tell whether there were one or 35 brothels in Pompeii, and whether some of them were simply bars. Public baths too receive interesting archaeological and literary coverage, including a remark by Celsus, who lived at the same time as Tiberius, to the effect that baths were dangerously dirty for people with infections (p. 247).
Noting in 'Fun and Games' (ch. 8) that the two permanent theaters in Pompeii seated 5,000 and 2,000, Beard asks whether the extensive theatrical iconography in wall painting meant that 'the theatre provided a model for the whole spectacle of Pompeian wall-painting' (p. 255). Much entertainment in Pompeii had to do with the theater, including mime and pantomime with male and female actors. There are two portraits in the city of a famous actor, Caius Norbanus Sorex. 20,000 people might attend an event in the amphitheater, and the gladiatorial regalia suggest magnificent processions of the short-lived combatants.
'A City Full of Gods' (ch. 9) promises more than it delivers, because it contains little about the vast array of privately owned statuary in Pompeii. Although the chapter begins with a reference to the archaizing bronze statue of Apollo from the House of Julius Polybius, Beard does not mention that the statue was not simply a work of art, but that it held a tray.6 Beard covers other categories — gods shown in wall paintings, statuettes from lararia, images of gods that were brought home from abroad, and a colossal head of Jupiter from the Temple of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva in the Forum. Was the ivory figurine of Lakshmi a souvenir brought home after a long journey? This chapter, which could contain a far wider array of topics and evidence, seems somehow undirected, though there is a very interesting section on the Temple of Isis, in which Beard covers its probable function, its rediscovery, and the Roman Isis-cult.
'Epilogue: City of the Dead' is too short, considering the extensive cemetery outside the Herculaneum Gate, its wide range of inhabitants, and the impact of that cemetery upon early tourists. 'Making a Visit,' a 3-page chapter, might have been eliminated, as first-time visitors will be far better served by one of the guidebooks produced by the Soprintendenza and available in the museum shop at the entrance to the site.7 Thorough explanations of terms and names that occur in the text obviate the need for a glossary. Unfortunately, there is no general bibliography, and readers who have been intrigued by a topic or a monument mentioned in the text may be disappointed not to find footnotes or endnotes, only a brief selection of Further Readings for each chapter.
Beard suggests answers to the questions that students always ask and that sometimes stymie their professors. What was the population of Pompeii? Estimates range from 6,400 to 30,000. Beard suggests that it was around 12,000, along with 24,000 additional inhabitants in the area. How many people died? Maybe 2000, but only about 1100 of them have been found, and some bones may have been misidentified early on as animals rather than children (p. 10). When was Pompeii rediscovered? In Antiquity it wasn't lost: former inhabitants and looters returned soon after the eruption to see what they could salvage. How far was the city from Rome? 240 km (144 mi.). Were Pompeians literate? More than 10,000 texts have been found in Pompeii, from loan agreements to wine labels, in Latin, Greek, Oscan, and even Hebrew; thus many people had to be able to read to do things like choose their wine and do their jobs. What was money worth? Wine cost 1 to 4 asses (copper coins: per glass or bottle isn't clear). Travelers and university students alike will thoroughly enjoy the many approaches to ancient Pompeii that Mary Beard presents here with clarity, enthusiasm, and humor.
Table of Contents Introduction
Living in an Old City
Street Life
House and Home
Painting and Decorating
Earning a Living: Baker, Banker and Garum Maker
Who Ran the City?
Fun and Games
A City Full of Gods
Epilogue: City of the Dead
Making a Visit
Notes
1. For a thorough history of the excavations and the impact of Pompeii upon the modern world, see Alison E. Cooley, Pompeii, London: Duckworth Archaeological Histories, 2003.
2. For such dedications, see Margaret Miles, Art as Plunder: The Ancient Origins of Debate about Art as Cultural Property, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
3. See especially Stefano De Caro, I mosaici la casa del fauno, Naples: Soprintendenza Archeologica di Napoli e Caserta, 2001. Studies of mosaics and of the House of the Faun are not given in Further Reading for ch. 1.
4. The Antiquarium at Boscoreale, right beside the farm known as the Villa Regina, provides excellent illustration of the locale and its economy: see Grete Stefani, Uomo e ambiente nel territorio vesuviano: Guida all'Antiquarium di Boscoreale, Pompeii: Edizioni Marius, (2003).
5. Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Sendschreiben von den herculanischen Entdeckungen, Dresden 1762, p. 57.
6. For a photograph of the statue and its tray being excavated in 1977 in the triclinium of the House of Julius Polybius, and for bibliography, see Carol C. Mattusch, Pompeii and the Roman Villa: Art and Culture Around the Bay of Naples, Washington: National Gallery of Art, 2008, pp. 141-143.
7. See, for example, Pier Giovanni Guzzo and Antonio d'Ambrosio, Pompeii, Naples: Electa and 'L'Erma' di Bretschneider, 1998, and Antonio d'Ambrosio, ed., Discovering Pompeii, Milan: Electa, 1998.
